Focus Areas Include:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, CTLA-4, etc.)
• CAR-T and cellular therapies
• Monoclonal antibodies in infectious disease
• Immune modulation in autoimmunity
• Immunotherapies for viral/bacterial infections
• Cytokine therapy and biologics

Focus Areas Include:

• COVID-19, influenza, Nipah, Ebola
• Zoonotic spillover and pandemic preparedness
• Vector-borne and foodborne infections
• Climate-driven disease emergence
• Global disease surveillance and early warning systems
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Focus Areas Include:

• Bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic genomics
• Resistance gene evolution and horizontal gene transfer
• Pathogen sequencing in outbreak tracking
• Mutation patterns, fitness cost, and virulence
• Bioinformatics pipelines for microbial genomics

Focus Areas Include:

• mRNA, vector-based, protein subunit vaccines
• Universal flu and pan-pathogen vaccines
• Vaccine adjuvants and delivery technologies
• Maternal and pediatric immunization
• Public trust, vaccine hesitancy, and education
• Access and equity in LMICs
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Focus Areas Include:

• Mechanisms of resistance (β-lactamases, efflux pumps)
• Multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens
• Stewardship in clinical and agricultural settings
• New antibiotic discovery and repurposing
• Global surveillance initiatives (e.g., GLASS)
• AMR in immunocompromised populations

Focus Areas Include:

• Molecular and rapid diagnostics (PCR, LAMP, CRISPR-based)
• Serology and antigen detection
• Single-cell immune profiling (scRNA-seq, CyTOF)
• Immune repertoire sequencing (TCR, BCR)
• Integration of diagnostics in clinical workflows
• Point-of-care testing for remote areas
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Focus Areas Include:

• Mechanisms of immune evasion
• Mucosal immunity and epithelial barriers
• Co-infections and immune crosstalk
• Microbiome-immune system interactions
• Systems biology of infection dynamics
• Immunometabolism during infection
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Focus Areas Include:

• Vaccine and drug access in LMICs
• Public health communication in crises
• Telegenetics, eHealth, and mobile diagnostics
• Pandemic response policy and preparedness
• Disease burden modeling and implementation science
• Global partnerships and funding strategies

Focus Areas Include:

• Ethical frameworks for vaccine/testing deployment
• Regulation of novel biologics and diagnostics
• Environmental links to zoonotic disease
• Antibiotic use in agriculture and One Health integration
• Cross-sector surveillance (human–animal–environment)
• Data privacy and consent in genomic epidemiology